3- Intelligence Comparison - PTE - Reading Fill in the blanks ( Drop menu )

 3- Intelligence Comparison - PTE - Reading Fill in the blanks ( Drop menu ) - GrowSkills - PTESkills.net 

 3- Intelligence Comparison Text: 

Comparing the intelligence of animals of different species is difficult, how do you compare a dolphin and a horse? Psychologists have a technique for looking at intelligence that________ not require the cooperation of the animal involved. The relative size of an individual's brain is a reasonable indication of intelligence. Comparing ________ species is not as simple as generally expected. An elephant will have a larger brain than a human has simply because it is a large beast. ــــــــــــــــــــ we use the Cephalization index, which compares the size of an animal's brain with the size of its body. Based on the Cephalization index, the brightest animals on the planet are humans,___________ by great apes, porpoises and elephants. As a general ________ animals that hunt for a living (like canines) are smarter than strict vegetarians (you don't need much intelligence to outsmart a leaf of lettuce). Animals that live in social groups are always smarter and have larger EQ's than solitary animals.

Text

can	across	then	followed	theory
do	to	Instead	follows	principle
did	through.	Because	follow	rule
does	with	Otherwise	following	principles

Model Answers with Explanation : 

1- does : ✅ 

The blank space marked by "____" must be filled with "does" because of the tense and subject-verb agreement. The sentence is written in the present tense, meaning we must use "does." Furthermore, the subject "technique" is singular, and in the present tense, singular subjects require "does," not "do." "Can" and "did" are incorrect because they do not match the present tense of the sentence.

* The blank space must be filled with "does" because the subject in the clause is "technique." In English grammar, the third-person singular pronouns (he, she, it) and singular nouns (like "technique") require the auxiliary verb "does" in present tense, negative form. The use of "can" would change the meaning of the sentence, indicating possibility rather than current fact. The use of "do" or "did" would be grammatically incorrect because "do" is used with plural or first/second person singular subjects, and "did" is the past tense form.

2- across : ✅  

The blank space marked by "____" must be filled with "across" instead of "to"/"through"/"with" because the sentence is talking about making comparisons between or among different species. The preposition "across" is used when referring to situations or actions that involve all parts or aspects of something, in this case, different species.

"To" often implies a direction or destination, "through" implies a passage or movement within something, and "with" often indicates association or connection. None of these prepositions properly convey the idea of comparing various or different species as "across" does in this context.

3- Instead : ✅ 

The word "Instead" is used to introduce an alternative method or idea to the one previously mentioned. In this case, the first sentence talks about a simple comparison of brain sizes, taking the larger size of an elephant's brain as a sign of higher intelligence. However, the next sentence dismisses this simple approach and introduces a different, more complex method, the Cephalization index.

* Neither "Then", "Because", nor "Otherwise" can convey this shift from one idea to another. Therefore, "Instead" is the right word to use. 

4- Followed by :  ✅ 

In the sentence, "followed" is used in the past tense because it indicates the sequence or order of animal intelligence already established by the Cephalization index. It shows that after humans, the next intelligent animals according to this index are the great apes, porpoises, and elephants.

* "Follows"/"follow"/"following" would not be correct because of the tense and grammatical structure of the sentence. "Follows" and "follow" in the present tense do not fit the context that's referrin to already established facts. "Following" as a present participle could create grammatical issues in the sentence and could change its meaning.

5- rule :  ✅

The blank space is precisely filled by "rule" rather than "theory", "principal", or "principle" given the definition of the words and their functionality in the sentence.

* Rule: ✅ A rule in this context is an observed order or guide for action or conduct, especially a governing principle governing behavior or procedure, which makes the most sense in this context. The sentence describes an observed general pattern or guide, hence the term "rule" fits perfectly in the blank. It explains a general observable behavior or pattern among animals.

* Theory: A theory is a contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking, or the results of such thinking. The word "theory" would not make sense here since it's not merely a thought or a systematic ideology, but an observed behavior.

* Principal: A principal is a person who has controlling authority or is in a leading position. Hence in this context, it wouldn't make sense, as it's referring to an observable phenomenon and not a person.

* Principle: A principle is a fundamental basis for a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of reasoning. Although a principle can be an accepted or professed rule of action or conduct, in this context, the principle is too specific or technical and generally is used more specifically with sure values, natural, moral, or legal rules.

الترجمه الكامله للقطعه 

Transcript:

Comparing

the

intelligence

of

animals

of

different

species

is

difficult,

how

do

you

compare

a

dolphin

and

a

horse?

من الصعب مقارنة ذكاء الحيوانات من مختلف الأنواع، فكيف تقارن بين الدلفين والحصان؟

Psychologists

have

a

technique

for

looking

at

intelligence

that

does

not

require

the

cooperation

of

the

animal

involved.

لدى علماء النفس أسلوب للنظر إلى الذكاء لا يتطلب تعاون الحيوان المعني.

The

relative

size

of

an

individual's

brain

is

a

reasonable

indication

of

intelligence.

الحجم النسبي لدماغ الفرد هو مؤشر معقول على الذكاء.

Comparing

across

species

is

not

as

simple

as

generally

expected.

المقارنة بين الأنواع ليست بسيطة كما هو متوقع بشكل عام.

An

elephant

will

have

a

larger

brain

than

a

human

has

simply

because

it

is

a

large

beast.

سيكون للفيل دماغ أكبر من دماغ الإنسان لأنه ببساطة وحش كبير.

Instead

,

we

use

the

Cephalization

index,

which

compares

the

size

of

an

animal's

brain

with

the

size

of

its

body.

وبدلاً من ذلك، نستخدم مؤشر الرأس، الذي يقارن حجم دماغ الحيوان بحجم جسمه.

Based

on

the

Cephalization

index,

the

brightest

animals

on

the

planet

are

humans,

followed

by

great

apes,

porpoises

and

elephants.

استنادا إلى مؤشر Cephalization، فإن ألمع الحيوانات على هذا الكوكب هم البشر، تليها القردة العليا وخنازير البحر والفيلة.

As

a

general

rule

,

animals

that

hunt

for

a

living

(like

canines)

are

smarter

than

strict

vegetarians

(you

don't

need

much

intelligence

to

outsmart

a

leaf

of

lettuce).

كقاعدة عامة، الحيوانات التي تصطاد من أجل لقمة العيش (مثل الأنياب) هي أكثر ذكاءً من النباتيين الصارمين (لا تحتاج إلى الكثير من الذكاء لتتفوق على ورقة خس).

Animals

that

live

in

social

groups

are

always

smarter

and

have

larger

EQ's

than

solitary

animals.

الحيوانات التي تعيش في مجموعات اجتماعية تكون دائمًا أكثر ذكاءً ولديها معادلات عاطفية أكبر من الحيوانات المنعزلة.

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