( 2. Despite progress over the last two (1) _____________, still more than 35 per cent of the urban population of the less developed regions was living in slums in 2005-2007. In the least developed countries 71 per cent of the urban dwellers lived in slums. This proportion is very high in subSaharan Africa , (2) _____________ from 61 per cent in Western Africa to 71 per cent in Middle Africa. It is also very high in Sudan, where 94 per cent of the urban dwellers live in slums. In Asia this proportion is 33 per cent, close to the average of the less developed (3) _____________, and 22 percentage points lower than in Africa. Twenty five per cent of the urban population of Western Asia lives in slums, a percentage significantly lower than the world average. Lack of access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation are typical characteristics of urban slums. Access to safe water and adequate sanitation are among the indicators used to monitor progress toward (4)_____________sustainability. Globally, 134 million urban dwellers (4 per cent) lacked (5)_____________ to an improved water supply in 2008 and 806 million (24 per cent) lacked adequate sanitation services. Most of these people lived in informal, overcrowded urban settlements in developing countries, particularly in Africa and Asia ) .
** Choose the correct answer:
1. ( a) time - (b) visit - ( c) equity - (d) decades
2. ( a) infrastructure - (b) ranging - ( c) hover - (d) knowledge
3. ( a) regions - (b) luxury - ( c) prevalent - (d) courtesy
4. ( a) collude - (b) environmental - ( c) magnificient - (d) enormously
5. ( a) negotiations - (b) housing - ( c) relent - (d) access
** Model Answers with Grammar Explanation:
1- (d) decades : عقود ✅
- "Decades" refers to periods of ten years, which fits the context of the sentence, indicating progress over a span of twenty years.
- We need a word indicating a long period. "Time" is too vague, "visit" doesn't make sense, and "equity" refers to fairness or ownership. Decades refers to ten-year increments, which best fits the context of long-term progress.
2- (b) ranging : تتراوح ✅
- "Ranging" suggests variability or difference within a range. It's used here to describe the different percentages of urban dwellers living in slums across different regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
- "Ranging" suggests variability or difference within a range. It's used here to describe the different percentages of urban dwellers living in slums across different regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
- This describes the variation in slum percentages across different regions. "Infrastructure" refers to physical structures, "hover" means to stay suspended, and "knowledge" doesn't fit the context. Ranging indicates a spectrum within sub-Saharan Africa.
3- (a) regions : المناطق ✅
- "Regions" refers to different areas or territories. It's appropriate here to refer to the various regions within Asia and other less developed areas.
- This refers to the different geographical areas mentioned (sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). "Luxury" refers to expensive items, "prevalent" means widespread (which could work), and "courtesy" means politeness. Regions is the most specific term that fits the context.
4- ( b) environmental : بيئية ✅
- "Environmental" relates to the environment, which fits the context of monitoring progress toward sustainability with regards to safe water and sanitation.
- "Environmental" relates to the environment, which fits the context of monitoring progress toward sustainability with regards to safe water and sanitation.
والذي يتناسب مع سياق النص التقدم نحو الاستدامة فيما يتعلق بالمياه الآمنة والصرف الصحي.
- This refers to sustainability that considers the environment. "Collude" means to secretly agree, "magnificent" describes something grand, and "enormously" means very much (which could work, but environmental is more specific). Environmental sustainability is the goal of proper sanitation and water access.
5- ( d) access : وصول ✅
- "Access" fits the context, indicating a lack of ability to obtain or use an improved water supply or sanitation services.
- This refers to the ability to reach or use something (water supply in this case). "Negotiations" suggests bargaining, "housing" refers to dwellings, and "relented" means to give in. Access is the key word for describing the lack of water supply.
الترجمة الكاملة للنص
(2 - على الرغم من التقدم المحرز خلال العقدين الماضيين، لا يزال أكثر من 35 في المائة من سكان الحضر في المناطق الأقل نموا يعيشون في أحياء فقيرة في الفترة 2005-2007. وفي أقل البلدان نموا، يعيش 71 في المائة من سكان الحضر في أحياء فقيرة . وهذه النسبة مرتفعة للغاية في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، حيث تتراوح من 61 في المائة في غرب أفريقيا إلى 71 في المائة في أفريقيا الوسطى. كما أنها مرتفعة جداً في السودان، حيث يعيش 94 في المائة من سكان المناطق الحضرية في الأحياء الفقيرة. وفي آسيا هذه النسبة تبلغ نسبة السكان في المناطق الحضرية في غرب آسيا 33 في المائة، وهي قريبة من المتوسط في المناطق الأقل نموا، وأقل بنسبة 22 نقطة مئوية عنها في أفريقيا. ويعيش خمسة وعشرون في المائة من سكان الحضر في غرب آسيا في الأحياء الفقيرة، وهي نسبة أقل بكثير من المتوسط العالمي. يعد الحصول على مياه الشرب الآمنة والصرف الصحي المناسب من الخصائص النموذجية للأحياء الفقيرة في المناطق الحضرية. ويعد الوصول إلى المياه الصالحة للشرب والصرف الصحي المناسب من بين المؤشرات المستخدمة لرصد التقدم نحو تحقيق البيئة.
الاستدامة. وعلى الصعيد العالمي، كان 134 مليون من سكان المناطق الحضرية (4 في المائة) يفتقرون إلى إمكانية الوصول إلى إمدادات المياه المحسنة في عام 2008، ويفتقر 806 ملايين (24 في المائة) إلى خدمات الصرف الصحي الكافية. ويعيش معظم هؤلاء الأشخاص في مستوطنات حضرية غير رسمية ومكتظة بالسكان في البلدان النامية، وخاصة في أفريقيا وآسيا).
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