The empire of Rome - PTE - Reading - Fill in the blanks ( Drop menu) - GrowSkills

The empire of Rome - PTE - Reading - Fill in the blanks ( Drop menu) - GrowSkills - PTESkills.net - Engleze.com

3. In the second century of the Christian era, the empire of Rome comprehended the fairest part of the earth and the most civilized _________ (1) of mankind. The frontiers of that extensive monarchy were guarded by ancient renown and disciplined valour. The gentle but powerful _________ (2) of laws and manners had gradually cemented the union of the provinces. Their peaceful inhabitants enjoyed and abused the advantages of wealth and luxury. The image of a free constitution was preserved with decent reverence: the Roman senate appeared to possess the sovereign _________ (3) and devolved on the emperors all the executive powers of government. During a happy period of more than fourscore years, the public _________ (4) was conducted by the virtue and abilities of Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, and the two Antonines. It is the design of this, and of the two succeeding _________, (5) to describe the prosperous condition of their empire; and afterwards, from the death of Marcus Antoninus, to deduce the most important _________ (6) of its decline and fall; a revolution which will ever be remembered, and is still felt by the nations of the earth.

** Choose the correct answer:

1. ( a) achieved - (b) portion - ( c) introduce - (d) relinquish

2. ( a) doubtful - (b) difficult - ( c) peace - (d) influence

3. ( a) authority - (b) arrows - ( c) easy - (d) taken

4. ( a) administration - (b) honorable - ( c) secure - (d) exposing

5. ( a) collude - (b) environmental - ( c) chapters - (d) enormously

6. ( a) weight - (b) circumstances - ( c) preserving - (d) seven

** Model answers with Grammar Explanation: 

1- portion : جزء ✅

- "Portion" refers to a part or division of something, which fits the context of describing the part of mankind that was considered the most civilized.

- We need a noun describing a part of something. "Achieved" is a verb, "introduce" doesn't fit, and "relinquish" means to give up. Portion refers to the most civilized part of humanity within the Roman Empire.

2- influence : تأثير ✅
- "Influence" here denotes the impact or effect of laws and manners in uniting the provinces. It fits well in the context of describing how laws and manners contributed to the cohesion of the empire.

- This describes the effect of laws and manners. "Doubtful" suggests uncertainty, "difficult" implies hardship, and "arrows" is unrelated. Influence describes the power of the legal system and social norms.

3- authority: سلطة ✅

- "Authority" refers to the power or right to give commands, make decisions, or enforce obedience. In this context, it denotes the supreme power possessed by the Roman senate.

- This refers to the power or control held by the Roman Senate. "Arrows" is nonsensical, "easy" is the opposite of what's needed, and "taken" suggests something was seized. Authority is the power the Senate supposedly held.

4- administration : إدارة ✅

- "Administration" refers to the management or organization of activities within a public institution or government. It fits the context of describing how the affairs of the empire were managed during a prosperous period.

- This refers to the management of the empire. "Honorable" describes someone with good character, "secure" means safe, and "exposing" implies revealing something. Administration is the process of running the government.

5- chapters : فصول ✅

- "Chapters" refers to sections or divisions of a book or document. In this context, it indicates the sections of the text that describe the prosperous condition of the Roman Empire.

- This refers to the divisions within the writing. "Collude" means to secretly agree, "environmental" is irrelevant here, and "enormously" means very much. Chapters are the logical way to divide a historical account.

6- circumstances: ظروف ✅

- "Circumstances" refers to the conditions or factors surrounding a particular event or situation. It fits the context of describing the significant factors contributing to the decline and fall of the Roman Empire.

ترجمة النص كامله: 

"في القرن الثاني من العصر المسيحي، شملت إمبراطورية روما الجزء الأكثر جمالًا من الأرض والجزء الأكثر تحضرًا للبشرية. وكانت حدود تلك الملكية الواسعة تحرسها شهرة قديمة وشجاعة منضبطة. وكان التأثير اللطيف والقوي للبشرية لقد عززت القوانين والآداب تدريجيا اتحاد المقاطعات. وكان سكانها المسالمين يتمتعون بمزايا الثروة والترف وأساءوا استغلالها. وتم الحفاظ على صورة الدستور الحر مع تبجيل لائق: بدا أن مجلس الشيوخ الروماني يمتلك السلطة السيادية وينتقل إلى الشعب. الأباطرة جميع السلطات التنفيذية للحكومة.وخلال فترة سعيدة دامت أكثر من ثمانين سنة، كانت الإدارة العامة تدار بفضيلة وقدرات نيرفا وتراجان وهادريان والأنطونيين.وهذا هو تصميم هذا، ومن فصلين متتاليين، لوصف حالة ازدهار إمبراطوريتهم، وبعد ذلك، من وفاة ماركوس أنطونيوس، لاستنتاج أهم ظروف تراجعها وسقوطها؛ ثورة ستظل خالدة في الأذهان، وما زالت تشعر بها أمم الأرض."

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