Particle pollution تلوث الجسيمات
Particle pollution — also called particulate matter (PM) — is made up of particles of solids or liquids that are in the air. Particle pollution can come from two different kinds of ________ (1)— primary or secondary. Primary sources cause particle pollution on their own. For example, wood stoves and forest fires are primary sources. Secondary sources let off gases that can form particles. Power plants and coal fires are examples of secondary sources. Some other common sources of particle pollution can be either ________ (2)or secondary — for example, factories, cars and trucks, and construction sites. Smoke from fires and emissions from power plants, industrial facilities, and cars and trucks contain PM2.5. Breathing in particle pollution can be ________ (3)to your health. Coarse particles, called PM10, can irritate your eyes, nose, and throat. Dust from roads, farms, dry riverbeds, construction ________, (4) and mines are types of PM10. Fine particles, called PM2.5, are more ________ (5) because they can get into the deep parts of your lungs — or even into your blood.
** choose the correct answer:
1. ( a) limit - (b) news - ( c) contact - (d)sources
2. ( a) irritation - (b) asthma - ( c) primary (d) anyone
3. ( a) harmful - (b) truth - ( c) existence - (d) invent
4. ( a) sites - (b) persist - ( c) outdoor - (d) controlling
5. ( a)include - (b) dangerous - ( c) releases - (d) inevitable
** Model Answer with Grammar Explanation:
1- (d) sources : ✅
- "Sources" refers to the origins or causes of particle pollution. It fits well in the context of describing where particle pollution comes from.
- We need a noun describing the origin of particle pollution. "Limit," "news," and "contact" don't refer to origins. Sources is the most fitting term for where particle pollution comes from.
2- (c) primary : أساسي ✅
- "Primary" refers to sources that cause particle pollution directly. It fits the context of describing sources like factories, cars, and construction sites that emit particles directly into the air.
- This describes the type of source (either creating particles directly or forming them from gases). "Irritation," "asthma," and "anyone" are unrelated to source types. Primary refers to the sou
3- (a) harmful : ضار ✅
- "Harmful" means causing damage or injury. It fits the context of describing the negative effects of breathing in particle pollution on health.
- This describes the effect of breathing in particle pollution. "Truth" refers to something that is true, "existence" refers to something's being, and "invent" means to create something new. Harmful describes the negative health impact.
4- (a) sites : ✅
- "Sites" refers to locations or areas where specific activities take place. It fits the context of describing places like roads, farms, and construction sites that emit particles.
- This describes the locations where PM10 dust originates. "Persist" suggests continuing to exist, "outdoor" describes location but not specifically construction, and "controlling" suggests managing the dust (not its origin). Sites refers to the places where dust is generated.
5- (b) dangerous : ✅
- "Dangerous" means having the potential to cause harm or injury. It fits the context of describing the increased health risks associated with fine particles that can penetrate deeply into the lungs.
- This describes the characteristic of PM2.5 particles due to their size. "Include" describes adding something, "releases" refers to the act of letting something out (not the characteristic), and "inevitable" means unavoidable (not the severity). Dangerous emphasizes the health risk of PM2.5.
الترجمة الكاملة للنص
"يتكون التلوث الجزيئي - والذي يسمى أيضًا المواد الجزيئية (PM) - من جزيئات المواد الصلبة أو السوائل الموجودة في الهواء. يمكن أن يأتي التلوث الجزيئي من نوعين مختلفين من المصادر - أولية أو ثانوية. المصادر الأولية تسبب التلوث الجزيئي من تلقاء نفسها . على سبيل المثال، تعتبر مواقد الحطب وحرائق الغابات مصادر أولية. وتطلق المصادر الثانوية الغازات التي يمكن أن تشكل جزيئات. وتعد محطات توليد الطاقة وحرائق الفحم أمثلة على المصادر الثانوية. ويمكن أن تكون بعض المصادر الشائعة الأخرى للتلوث الجزيئي إما أولية أو ثانوية - على سبيل المثال والمصانع والسيارات والشاحنات ومواقع البناء. يحتوي الدخان الناتج عن الحرائق والانبعاثات الصادرة عن محطات الطاقة والمنشآت الصناعية والسيارات والشاحنات على مادة PM2.5. ويمكن أن يكون استنشاق الجسيمات الملوثة ضارًا بصحتك. ويمكن للجسيمات الخشنة، التي تسمى PM10، أن تهيج عينيك وأنفك وحلقك. الغبار الناتج عن الطرق والمزارع ومجاري الأنهار الجافة ومواقع البناء والمناجم هي أنواع من PM10. الجسيمات الدقيقة، التي تسمى PM2.5، أكثر خطورة لأنها يمكن أن تصل إلى الأجزاء العميقة من رئتيك - أو حتى في دمك."
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