158- Facial Appearance - PTE - Reading - Fill in the blank ( Drop menu ) - GrowSkills.co.uk - Engleze.com
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158- Facial Appearance مظهر الوجه
Research demonstrates that facial appearance affects social perceptions. The current research investigates the reverse : Can social perceptions influence facial appearance? We examine a social tag that is associated with us early in life — our given name. The hypothesis is that name stereotypes can be manifested in facial appearance, producing a face-name matching effect, both a social perceiver and a computer are able to accurately match a person’s name to his or her face. In 8 studies we demonstrate the of this effect, as participants examining an unfamiliar face accurately select the person’s true name from a list of several names, significantly above chance level. We replicate the effect in 2 countries and find that it extends the limits of socioeconomic cues. We also find the effect using a computer-based paradigm and 94,000 faces. In our exploration of the underlying mechanism, we show that existing name stereotypes produce the effect, as its occurrence is culture-dependent. A self-fulfilling seems to be at work, as initial evidence shows that facial appearance regions that are controlled by the individual (e.g., hairstyle) are to produce the effect, and socially using one’s given name is necessary to generate the effect. Together, these studies suggest that facial appearance represents social expectations of how a person with a specific name should look. In this way a social tag may influence one’s facial appearance.
Choose the correct Answer:
 |
 |
 |
  |
 |
| link | notwithstanding | indolence | into | prophecy | sufficient |
| possibility | ever evanescence | evanescence | beyond | observation | proficient |
| oddness | whereby | existence | within | preference | efficient |
| polarity | despite | transience | by | stipulation | scant |
Model Answers with Explanation :
1- possibility : إمكانية / إحتمال ✅
The word that best fits in this blank is "possibility". "Can social perceptions influence facial appearance" suggests a possibility.
-Therefore, "possibility" (meaning the fact that something might exist or happen but is not certain to.) is a more logical option.
-Therefore, "possibility" (meaning the fact that something might exist or happen but is not certain to.) is a more logical option.
- The blank space must be filled with "possibility" because this term makes the most logical sense in the context of the sentence. The researchers are questioning if the inverse of a common belief could be true, presenting a new "possibility" to be investigated.
- The word "possibility" fits best in the blank because the sentence is discussing an investigatory scenario or an alternative hypothesis.
Among the remaining options,
-The terms "link," "oddness,"غرابة and "polarity"قطبية do not fit because they do not express the idea of a potential or possible reversal of the common perception.
- "link" means to connect or join two or more things together, and it does not make sense to put it in the blank.
-" oddness" غرابة means "different from what is normal or expected," and it does not make sense to put it in the blank.
-"polarity" قطبية means a state in which people, opinions, or ideas are completely different or opposite to each other.
-Compared to "possibility," "polarity" is too positive and does not match the questioning tone that follows.
-Therefore, "possibility" is more appropriate. Therefore, "possibility" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
-" oddness" غرابة means "different from what is normal or expected," and it does not make sense to put it in the blank.
-"polarity" قطبية means a state in which people, opinions, or ideas are completely different or opposite to each other.
-Compared to "possibility," "polarity" is too positive and does not match the questioning tone that follows.
-Therefore, "possibility" is more appropriate. Therefore, "possibility" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
2- whereby بواسطة / وفقا لـ : ✅
- "whereby" means "by which" or "through which". It is used to introduce the way or process something happens. In this case, it introduces the way by which both a social perceiver and a computer are able to accurately match a person’s name to his or her face, making it the appropriate choice. It is stating the process or the experiment under discussion, not a contrast or reservation.
- whereby: The word that best fits in this blank is "whereby". "whereby" is a conjunction that is used to introduce a clause that explains or specifies the way in which something happens or is achieved.
- In this sentence, "whereby" is used to introduce the clause that explains how name stereotypes can be manifested in facial appearance, resulting in a face-name matching effect. It indicates the mechanism or process by which the hypothesis is supported.
- On the other hand,
- The other options do not fit in the sentence contextually:
- "notwithstanding" means despite something, but it does not fit in the sentence structure or convey the intended meaning.
- "ever" means at any time, which does not fit in the sentence and does not provide the necessary explanation.
- "despite" indicates a contrast or contradiction, but it does not introduce the clause that explains the mechanism or process. Therefore, "whereby" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
- The other options do not fit in the sentence contextually:
- "notwithstanding" means despite something, but it does not fit in the sentence structure or convey the intended meaning.
- "ever" means at any time, which does not fit in the sentence and does not provide the necessary explanation.
- "despite" indicates a contrast or contradiction, but it does not introduce the clause that explains the mechanism or process. Therefore, "whereby" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
"Notwithstanding" بالرغم من ذلك means "despite" or "in spite of something". It is used to introduced an idea that is in contrast or reservation to the previous statement. But, in this case, the idea following the blank is not in contrast or reservation with the previous idea.
3- existence : وجود ✅
- "existence" is appropriate because it confirms the reality of this effect. Using "evanescence" التلاشي here would imply that this effect is fleeting, which contradicts يتناقض the rest of the sentence and the overall aim of the study mentioned.
- existence The word that best fits in this blank is "existence". The statement "as participants examining an unfamiliar face accurately select the person's true name from a list of several names, significantly above chance level.
- Therefore, "Evanescence"التلاشي is a term typically used to describe something that is temporary or transient مؤقتة أو عابرة. In this context, the sentence aims to assert the presence, or proof of a phenomenon (the face-name matching effect).
- The word "evanescence" refers to the process of fading away or disappearing, typically something intangible or abstract. In this context, it doesn't make sense to apply "evanescence" because the sentence is talking about demonstrating or proving the presence or existence of an effect, not its disappearance. Therefore, "existence" is the correct word to use.
- "transience"عابرة / عرضية refers to the quality of being temporary or lasting for a short time, which is not the intended meaning in this sentence. The studies aim to demonstrate the presence of the effect, not its temporary nature.
-Therefore, "existence" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
- " proves the truth of the preceding hypothesis, and "existence" means "to be real", so "existence" is the reasonable choice.
- "indolence" refers to laziness or a lack of effort, which does not fit the context of the sentence or convey the intended meaning.
- "evanescence" التلاشي means the quality of being transient or fading away, which is not appropriate here as the studies aim to demonstrate the opposite - the presence or existence of the effect.
- "evanescence" التلاشي means the quality of being transient or fading away, which is not appropriate here as the studies aim to demonstrate the opposite - the presence or existence of the effect.
- "transience"عابرة / عرضية refers to the quality of being temporary or lasting for a short time, which is not the intended meaning in this sentence. The studies aim to demonstrate the presence of the effect, not its temporary nature.
-Therefore, "existence" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
4- beyond وراء / من جانب أخر ✅
The word that best fits in this blank is "beyond". The statement "as its occurrence is culture-dependent" mentioned later in the text implies that the effect is not only limited to the scope of socioeconomic cues, but goes beyond that.
- "beyond" accurately conveys the intended meaning of the sentence.
- "into" indicates movement or direction towards the inside of something, which does not fit the context of the sentence. The sentence is discussing how the effect extends beyond certain limits, not into them.
- "within" indicates being inside or contained within certain limits, which is the opposite of what is being conveyed in the sentence. The sentence is discussing how the effect extends beyond limits, not within them.
- "by" typically indicates means, which does not fit the context of the sentence. The sentence is discussing the extension of the effect, not how it is achieved or caused.
- Therefore, "beyond" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
The word that best fits in this blank is "beyond". The statement "as its occurrence is culture-dependent" mentioned later in the text implies that the effect is not only limited to the scope of socioeconomic cues, but goes beyond that.
- "beyond" accurately conveys the intended meaning of the sentence.
- "into" indicates movement or direction towards the inside of something, which does not fit the context of the sentence. The sentence is discussing how the effect extends beyond certain limits, not into them.
- "within" indicates being inside or contained within certain limits, which is the opposite of what is being conveyed in the sentence. The sentence is discussing how the effect extends beyond limits, not within them.
- "by" typically indicates means, which does not fit the context of the sentence. The sentence is discussing the extension of the effect, not how it is achieved or caused.
- Therefore, "beyond" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
5- prophecy : نبوءة / كشف المستقبل / وحي ✅ belief or expectation
The word that best fits in this blank is "prophecy". In the given context, the sentence is discussing how facial appearance can be influenced by social expectations associated with a person's given name. This suggests that the belief or expectation may influence their facial appearance. If we fill the options one by one, "A self-fulfilling prophecy" نبوءة تحقق ذاتها is when someone's belief or expectation affects how they act, and as a result, it ends up coming true.
- The word "prophecy" is placed appropriately in the blank, and the entire sentence is logical.
- "Observation" ملاحظة refers to the act of observing or noticing something, but it does not capture the idea of a belief or expectation influencing behavior and leading to its fulfillment.
- "Preference" التفضيل refers to a choice or liking for one thing over another, and it does not capture the concept of a belief or expectation influencing behavior and leading to its fulfillment.
- "Stipulation" اشتراط refers to a condition or requirement that must be met, which does not fit the context of a belief or expectation influencing behavior and leading to its fulfillment.
* Only "prophecy" accurately conveys the meaning of a belief or expectation that influences behavior and leads to its fulfillment, which aligns with the concept described in the sentence.
- Therefore, "prophecy" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
- The word "prophecy" is placed appropriately in the blank, and the entire sentence is logical.
- "Observation" ملاحظة refers to the act of observing or noticing something, but it does not capture the idea of a belief or expectation influencing behavior and leading to its fulfillment.
- "Preference" التفضيل refers to a choice or liking for one thing over another, and it does not capture the concept of a belief or expectation influencing behavior and leading to its fulfillment.
- "Stipulation" اشتراط refers to a condition or requirement that must be met, which does not fit the context of a belief or expectation influencing behavior and leading to its fulfillment.
* Only "prophecy" accurately conveys the meaning of a belief or expectation that influences behavior and leads to its fulfillment, which aligns with the concept described in the sentence.
- Therefore, "prophecy" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
6- sufficient كافٍ/ وافي ✅
The word that best fits in this blank is "sufficient".
The word that best fits in this blank is "sufficient".
- "sufficient" means "as much as is needed for a particular purpose" and if we fill this word in the blank, the sentence suggests that certain facial appearance regions controlled by the individual (like hairstyle) are enough or adequate ("sufficient") to produce the effect of fulfilling the social expectations associated with a specific name, which makes sense.
- The word "proficient" بارع / خبير means skilled or competent, which doesn't fit the context of the sentence.
- "Efficient" فعال means achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort, which is not appropriate in this context either.
- "Scant" ضئيلة means in short supply or insufficient, which is the opposite of what the sentence is trying to convey.
- Therefore, "sufficient" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
- "Efficient" فعال means achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort, which is not appropriate in this context either.
- "Scant" ضئيلة means in short supply or insufficient, which is the opposite of what the sentence is trying to convey.
- Therefore, "sufficient" is the most appropriate choice to fill in this blank.
الترجمة الكامله للنص
Transcript:
Research
demonstrates
that
facial
appearance
affects
social
perceptions.
تظهر الأبحاث أن مظهر الوجه يؤثر على التصورات الاجتماعية.
The
current
research
investigates
the
reverse
possibility
:
Can
social
perceptions
influence
facial
appearance?
يبحث البحث الحالي في الاحتمال العكسي: هل يمكن للتصورات الاجتماعية أن تؤثر على مظهر الوجه؟
We
examine
a
social
tag
that
is
associated
with
us
early
in
life
—
our
given
name.
نحن نفحص علامة اجتماعية مرتبطة بنا في وقت مبكر من الحياة - اسمنا الأول.
The
hypothesis
is
that
name
stereotypes
can
be
manifested
in
facial
appearance,
producing
a
face-name
matching
effect,
whereby
both
a
social
perceiver
and
a
computer
are
able
to
accurately
match
a
person’s
name
to
his
or
her
face.
الفرضية هي أن الصور النمطية للأسماء يمكن أن تتجلى في مظهر الوجه، مما ينتج عنه تأثير مطابقة اسم الوجه، حيث يتمكن كل من المدرك الاجتماعي والكمبيوتر من مطابقة اسم الشخص مع وجهه بدقة.
In
8
studies
we
demonstrate
the
existence
of
this
effect,
as
participants
examining
an
unfamiliar
face
accurately
select
the
person’s
true
name
from
a
list
of
several
names,
significantly
above
chance
level.
في 8 دراسات، أثبتنا وجود هذا التأثير، حيث قام المشاركون بفحص وجه غير مألوف باختيار الاسم الحقيقي للشخص بدقة من قائمة مكونة من عدة أسماء، وهو أعلى بكثير من مستوى الصدفة.
We
replicate
the
effect
in
2
countries
and
find
that
it
extends
beyond
the
limits
of
socioeconomic
cues.
قمنا بتكرار التأثير في بلدين ووجدنا أنه يمتد إلى ما هو أبعد من حدود الإشارات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية.
We
also
find
the
effect
using
a
computer-based
paradigm
and
94,000
faces.
نجد أيضًا التأثير باستخدام نموذج قائم على الكمبيوتر و94000 وجه.
In
our
exploration
of
the
underlying
mechanism,
we
show
that
existing
name
stereotypes
produce
the
effect,
as
its
occurrence
is
culture-dependent.
في استكشافنا للآلية الأساسية، نظهر أن الصور النمطية للأسماء الحالية تنتج التأثير، حيث أن حدوثه يعتمد على الثقافة.
A
self-fulfilling
prophecy
seems
to
be
at
work,
as
initial
evidence
shows
that
facial
appearance
regions
that
are
controlled
by
the
individual
(e.g.,
hairstyle)
are
sufficient
to
produce
the
effect,
and
socially
using
one’s
given
name
is
necessary
to
generate
the
effect.
يبدو أن النبوءة ذاتية التحقق قيد التنفيذ، حيث تظهر الأدلة الأولية أن مناطق مظهر الوجه التي يتحكم فيها الفرد (على سبيل المثال، تصفيفة الشعر) كافية لإنتاج التأثير، ومن الضروري استخدام الاسم الاجتماعي للفرد لتوليد التأثير.
Together,
these
studies
suggest
that
facial
appearance
represents
social
expectations
of
how
a
person
with
a
specific
name
should
look.
تشير هذه الدراسات معًا إلى أن مظهر الوجه يمثل التوقعات الاجتماعية حول الشكل الذي يجب أن يبدو عليه الشخص الذي يحمل اسمًا محددًا.
In
this
way
a
social
tag
may
influence
one’s
facial
appearance.
وبهذه الطريقة قد تؤثر العلامة الاجتماعية على مظهر الوجه.
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